International Standards for Financial Market Infrastructures.Supervision & Oversight of Financial Market Infrastructures.
SKETCHY MICRO QUIZLET SKIN
Microfilariae seen on skin biopsy under microscope AKA liver blindness - second most common cause of infectious blindness (after chlamydia) - caused by microfilarae Hyper-and hypo-pigments spots occur with onchodermatitis Black fly bites human host and deposits larvae in skin Twitch worm around matchstick over many days Skin ulcer with an adult female ulcer coming out Get it by drinking contaminated water containing copepods which have larvae (copepods = intermediate host) Screamatodes III: Return of the flesh eaters Myalgias - b/c after cysts are ingested -> larvae enter blood stream and travel to striated muscle and form cysts there -> muscle inflammation Eggs are NOT passed into stool (b/c laid in intestinal wall), but instead you see larvae in stool. Larvae hatch from eggs laid in intestinal wall -> re-penetrate wall -> enter blood stream again. Major complication: Intestinal obstruction at ileocecal valve It is the most likely to cause RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS Can cause malnutrition or respiratory symptoms Blood stream -> lungs -> coughed up -> intestines Transmitted by eating eggs in contaminated food/water Treatment: pyrantel pamoate and albendazole, wear shoes Look for high eosinophil count (EOSINOPHILIA) Attach to gut wall and then feed on blood -> leads to iron deficiency ANEMIA Larvae penetrate skin of soles of feet -> go in blood to lungs -> coughed up and swallowed -> mature into adults in intestine. Treatment: pyrantel pamoate or albendazole (can be used for all intestinal nematodes)ĪNCYCLOSOTMA DUODONALE and NECATOR AMERICANUS Scotch tape test - see eggs under microscope Transmitted via fecal-oral route (itchy so people scratch and then put fingers in mouth) Cycle is continued when mosquito bites and takes up gametocytes merozoite can form gametocyte (sexual form) In RBC -> trophozoite -> schizont -> merozoite -> RBC Sporozoites mature in liver to trophozoites -> Schizont divides into merozoites which burst from hepatocytes and infect RBCs Lifecycle of plasmodium - transmitted by anopheles mosquito Quinidine (IV)- used for resistant species. Use IV Artesunate for severe malarial infections Sickle cell disease is protective against this disease Can also treat with atovaquone/proguanil
SKETCHY MICRO QUIZLET HOW TO
How to treat severe infections caused by p. Good for parasites resistant to chloroquine and for traveler going to those areas Atovaquone + proguanil - good prophylactic. Good for travelers going to chloroquine resistant areas. Mefloquine - good against resistant species. Check for G6PD deficiency to not cause anemia Chloroquine- works by blocking plasmodium heme polymerase - can't destroy hipnozoites. Parasite is banana shaped in peripheral blood smear Parasitized RBC's occlude vessels to kidney and lungs. Produce dormant forms in liver called hypnozoites Blood stain and Giemsa stain to see parasites in RBCs Eggshell calcification in cyst on liver CT Humans are incidental host - get it through dog feces. Causes diarrhea and B12 (Cobalmin) deficiency -> megaloblastic anemia. Neurocysticercosis -> also need albendazole When eggs go to brain -> Can cause neurocysticercosis - seizures, looks like swiss cheese on MRI This causes cysticercosis - lesions in the body (brain eyes, skin) Taneia EGGS can be transmitted by water contaminated with animal feces. T solium has hooks on proglottid heads that can be seen on O&P TENIASIS - cause by eating cysts in undercooked meats(asymptomatic but maybe GI problems.
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